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Structura actuală a activităţii de cercetare a INFLPR, fizica laserilor şi aplicaţii, electronica cuantică a solidului, plasmă şi acceleratoare de electroni, este rezultatul organizării şi reorganizării cercetării în domeniul fizicii în ultimii 60 de ani.

Originea Secţiei Laseri se află în fostul laborator „Metode optice în fizica nucleară” condus în 1956 de Prof. Ion Agârbiceanu, la momentul la care Institutul de Fizică Atomică a fost înfiinţat de Prof. Horia Hulubei. Datorită rezultatelor teoretice şi experimentale asupra structurii hiperfine obţinute în acest laborator, a fost posibilă iniţierea unor cercetări în domeniul laserilor încă de la apariţia acestuia. Cercetările s-au finalizat cu comunicarea ştiinţifică a realizării primului laser românesc pe 20 Octombrie 1962: “Contributions á l’étude des lasers aux gas” authors: I. Agarbiceanu, A. Agafitei, L. Blanaru, N. Ionescu-Pallas, I.M. Popescu, V. Vasiliu and V.G. Velculescu, Proc. 3d Intl. Congress on Quantum Electronics, Paris, 11-15.02.1963. Acest grup a constituit nucleul viitorului Departament Laseri.

Înfiintat în 1959, Laboratorul Acceleratoare de Electroni a proiectat şi dezvoltat dispozitive de control radiografic în flux continuu. Laboratorul a construit câteva acceleratoare de electroni pentru industria României.

În 1968, după retragerea Profesorului Horia Hulubei, Dr. Ioan Ursu, pro-rector al Universităţii Babes-Bolyai şi sef al catedrei de Fizică Nucleară şi Electromagnetism al Facultăţii de Fizică, a fost numit director al Institutului de Fizică Atomică. Sub conducerea sa, IFA a asigurat introducerea energeticii nucleare în România.

În anii ’70, Prof. Ioan Ursu a înfiinţat laboratorul MALIRM – Medii Active Laser şi Interacţia Radiaţiei cu Materia, iar Prof. Voicu Lupei a fost numit şeful laboratorului. Laboratorul a fost şi este activ, în mod special, în dezvoltarea de noi medii active laser cristaline şi policristaline, caracterizare optică şi spectroscopică, laseri cu mediu activ solid.

Institutul Central de Fizică (ICEFIZ) a fost creat în 1973 ca un consorţiu ce încorpora IFA, IFB (Institutul de Fizică Bucureşti) şi toate celelalte entităti din România care se ocupau de cercetări în fizică.

O schimbare importantă în managementul ICEFIZ a avut loc în 1977 când institutul a fost împărţit în mai multe unităti care se ocupau de cercetare în diferite domenii: IFIN – Institutul de Fizică şi Inginerie Nucleară, IFTAR – Institutul de Fizică şi Tehnologia Aparatelor cu Radiaţii, IFTM – Institutul de Fizică şi Tehnologia Materialelor, IGSS – Institutul de Gravitaţie şi Ştiinţe Spaţiale, etc.

În acel moment, departamentul de cercetare în fizica plasmei care aparţinea Institutului de Fizică Bucureşti s-a integrat în structura IFTAR şi a format bazele laboratoarelor de plasmă actuale: Laboratorul de Fizica Plasmei şi Fuziune Nucleară şi Laboratorul de Plasmă la Temperatură Joasă.

Primul director al IFTAR a fost Prof. Ioan Ioviţ Popescu, membru al Academiei Române. IFTAR cuprindea în acel moment Departamentul Laseri şi laboratoarele MALIRM, Acceleratoare de Electroni, Dispozitive Speciale Laseri, Fizica Plasmei.

Prin Hotărârea de Guvern 1310/1996 din 25/11/1996 institutul a fost acreditat ca institut naţional sub denumirea Institutul Naţional de Cercetare Dezvoltare în Fizica Laserilor, Plasmei şi Acceleratoarelor. Astăzi păstrează aproape aceeasi structură, dar aria de cercetare s-a diversificat.

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