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Sistem de curățare cu plasmă a suprafețelor de pe Marte

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Cercetătorii de la Institutul Național de Fizica Laserilor, Plasmei și Radiației au creat și testat un sistem de curățare a suprafețelor acoperite cu praf de pe Marte. Acesta se bazează pe generarea într-un gaz rarefiat a unei plasme prin aplicarea între doi electrozi co-axiali a unei diferențe de potențial suficiente pentru ionizarea gazului.

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Curentul de descărcare care circulă prin electrodul central al sursei de plasmă produce un câmp magnetic care, împreună cu câmpul electric, exercită o forță Lorentz asupra gazului ionizat, extrăgându-l sub forma unui jet de plasmă. „Este necesar un curent destul de mare pentru a produce un câmp magnetic rezonabil și acest lucru poate fi realizat mai convenabil prin operarea pulsată a sistemului”, explică coordonatorul echipei, dr. C. Ticoș. „Pentru o fracțiune de secundă (100 μs), se obține un curent foarte mare (mai mulți kiloamps), iar forța care împinge plasma este suficient de puternică.” Astfel, în timpul unui puls, plasma este expulzată la o viteză de câțiva kilometri pe secundă – și poate pur și simplu să arunce praful dintr-o zonă la o distanță de două până la patru ori mai mare decât diametrul jetului. Utilizarea unui astfel de sistem pentru curățarea zilnică a panourilor solare montate în cadrul misiunilor spațiale pe Marte ar conduce la o creștere considerabilă a energiei produse.

Datorită impactului acestor cercetări, rezultatele raportate de către echipa condusă de dr. C. Ticoș într-un articol științific publicat într-o revistă cu acces liber (http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/aa60e5/meta) au fost imediat preluate de către Physics World, și mediatizate pe pagina web a societății engleze de fizică IOP într-un amplu articol din data de 9 iunie 2017, disponibil la adresa http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2017/jun/09/a-plasma-broom-for-cleaning-on-mars.

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